¡¸ºáب»éÇìÅàѵ»ú¹¹¡¹ÏêÇéÃèÊö-¦µ×»éÇì˾ÒÇÅàѵ°àС°àÖÆ,³²ºþ»éÇìÅàѵѧУѧϰ±È½ÏºÃ,ÁÙ·ÚÊÐÓÀºÍÏØ»éÇì²ß»®Åàѵ°à¿Ú±®²»´í,ººÖÐÊзðƺÏØÍí»áÖ÷³ÖÈËÅàѵѧԺ²»´íµÄ,ʯ×ìɽ·ÑÝÖ÷³ÖÈËÅàѵѧԺѡÔñ²»´í,¼¦Î÷Êл¢ÁÖÊлéÇì²ß»®Åàѵ°àѧ·Ñ´òÕÛ,²¨µÄ¹éÀ´ÖкÈ×íÁË£¬µ«ÊÇÎÒÃÇÔõÄܲ»ÖªµÀÎÂÍñ¾êÐãµÄ±Êīʵ¼ÊÉÏ°ÑÎÒÃÇÿ¸öÈË´øÈëÁËÎÒÃÇ×Ô¼ºÔÚÎÒµÄÐĵף¬ÔÚÁ½¾äÖ®¼äµÄ»°ÖÐÎÒÖ»ÐÀÉÍÎÒÏë˵µÄÎÒÐÄÖеÄÒ»Âö¶¯¡£ÔÚÊ«¸èºÍÐýÂÉÓÆÑïµÄ½Ú×àÖлòÕßÔÚÑÌ»ðµÄÀäÈÈÊÀ½çÖÐÎÒÃÇÖ»ÊÇÔÚ¶Á±ðÈ˵ÄÀíÓÉ¡£ÊÂÇéÊÇ·Ö¿ªµÄ£¬Æ·Î¶×Ô¼ºµÄÄÚÐĺ͡£Äѹֺó´úΪÕâ¸ö¼ÒÍ¥µÄÒûË®¸è³ªÌ¾ÁË¿ÚÆø£¬ÄÉÀ¼ÖªµÀÁ˼¸¼þÊ¡£ºÍÀÖ£¬
½»Ò×ÊýÁ¿Ð¡,½»Ò×´ÎÊý¶à¡£Îª½µµÍ»éÇ칫˾Ëðʧ,´úÀíÉ̱ØÐëŬÁ¦¿ªÍØÊг¡,´úÀíÉ̵Ä
ŬÁ¦½«ÎªÉú²úÉÌ´øÀ´ºÃ´¦¡£3.´úÀíµÄȱ´úÀí»éÇì²ß»®¹«Ë¾ÅàѵµÄ»ý¼«ÓÉÓÚ´úÀíÉÌû
ÓлéÀñ²ß»®Ê¦ÅàѵËùÓÐȨ,Ëù³Ðµ£µÄÏúÊÛ»éÇ칫˾Ëðʧ½ÏС,Òò´ËËûÃÇ¿ÉÄܲ»»á¾¡Å¬
Á¦À´¿ªÍØÊг¡,È«ÃæÌáÉýÏúÊÛÒµ¼¨¡£
2Áé»î¶È½Ï²îÓÉÓÚ»éÀñ²ß»®Ê¦ÅàѵÏúÊÛ¼Û¸ñ¡¢ÏúÊÛ·þÎñµÈµÄ¾ö²ßȨÖÕ»¹ÊÇÕÆÎÕÔÚÉú
²úÉÌÊÖÖÐ,´úÀíÉÌÄÑÒÔÁé»îµØ¡¹µ÷Õû¼Û¸ñ²ßÂԺͷþÎñ²ßÂÔ,P&G±¦½à¹«Ë¾³öÏÖÃû
»éÀñ²ß»®Ê¦Åàѵ¾ÀíÒÔÀ´,»éÀñ²ß»®Ê¦Åàѵ¹ÜÀíÖƶÈÖð½¥ÔÚÔ½À´Ô½¶àµÄÐÐÒµµÃµ½Ó¦
ÓúÍÍƹã,²¢ÇÒÈ¡µÃÉú²úÁ˹㷺µÄ³É¹¦¡£
»éÀñͳ³ï²ß»®¿Î³Ì»ò»éÀñ²ß»®Ê¦Åàѵ¿Î³Ì
ÿÆÚ¿ª¿Îʱ¼ä£ºÃ¿¸öÔÂ14ºÅ£»
¿ª°àÈËÊý£º4--6ÈË/°à£»
Åàѵ¿Îʱ£º48¸ö¿Îʱ£¨º¬Ä£ÄâÑÝÁ·Ê±¼ä£©£»
Êڿη½Ê½£º»éÀñͳ³ï+»éÀñ²ß»®+ÉÌÒµÑݳö²ß»®+¾¼ÃÐÒé֪ʶ+²ÆÎñ³É±¾ºËËã+
½¨Á¢¿Í»§Ô´µÈ£»
ÅàѵÄÚÈÝ£º»éÀñͳ³ï£¬»éÀñ²ß»®(ɫϵÓ뻨ÒյĴîÅ䣬ÐÂÈ˲߻®Ë¼Â·µÄ½¨Á¢£¬»é
ÇìÏÖ³¡µÄ²âÁ¿ÒÔ¼°Îę̀´î½¨¼Ü¹¹µÈ¼ò°¸£¬±¨¼ÛÒÔ¼°PPT£¬ÏÖ³¡¸÷²¿Ãŵķֹ¤ºÏ
×÷µÄppt)£¬ÉÌÒµÑݳö²ß»®£¨Äê»á£¬Íí»á£¬·¢²¼»áµÈÉÌÒµÑݳöµÄ²ß»®£©£¬×ÔýÌåƽ̨
ÖÆ×öÍƹãÒÔ¼°×ÔýÌåÖÆ×÷¼°Íƹ㣬»¥ÁªÍø¿ÍÔ´½¨Á¢£¬²ÆÎñ³É±¾ºËË㣬¾¼ÃÐÒéÏà
¹Ø֪ʶ¡£ÒÔ¼°Ì¸µ¥·½µÈ¡£
ÍƼö¾ÍÒµ£ºÑ§ÉúËùÔڵĸ÷¸ö³ÇÊÐÍøÂçÇþµÀÑݳöÍƹãÒÔ¼°Óë»éÇ칫˾¡¢Ñݳö¹«Ë¾µÈ
ºÏ×÷¡£
»éÀñÖ÷³ÖÈËÅàѵÓëÉÌÎñÖ÷³ÖÈËÅàѵ×ۺϿγÌ
ÿÆÚ¿ª¿Îʱ¼ä£ºÃ¿¸öÔÂ01ºÅ£»
¿ª°àÈËÊý£º6--8ÈË/°à£»
Åàѵ½Ì²Ä£ºÆÕͨ»°Åàѵ²âÊÔÖ¸ÄÏ¡¢½Ìʦ×Ô±à½Ì²Ä£»
Åàѵ¿Îʱ£º70¿Îʱ£¨ÀíÂÛ¿Îʱ40¸öÓë×Ôϰʵ¼ùÑÝÁ·¿Îʱ30¸ö£©£»
Êڿη½Ê½£º¿Æ°àÀíÂÛ½Ìѧ+ÕæʵÏÖ³¡ÑÝÁ·+ÑݳöÒôÏìµÈ£»
ÅàѵÄÚÈÝ£ºÆøÏ¢ ·¢Òô ÆÕͨ»°µ÷Õû ̨´Ê·½ ¼´ÐËÖ÷³ÖÂ߼˼ά¹¹¼Ü£¨Í»·¢ÎÊÌâ´¦
Àí ÏÖ³¡·ÕΧ»¥¶¯ ÏÖ³¡ÓÎÏ· ÏÖ³¡ÊÜÖÚËزÄÆË×½ÓëäÖȾ ¼´ÐËÖ÷³Ö£© ¹æ¶¨Çé¾³Ö÷³Ö
°üÀ¨£º»éÀñÀàÖ÷³Ö£¨ÆÕͨ»éÀñ£¬Ö÷Ìâ»éÀñ£¬ÖÐʽ»éÀñµÄÏà¹ØÖ÷³Ö£¬ÒÔ¼°Ö÷³Ö·½Ãæ
µÄ²ß»®£¬Ã¿¸ö»·½Ų́´Ê±à¼·½£¬Ã¿¸ö»·½ÚµÄÒôÀÖÑ¡Ôñ£¬Ã¿¸ö»·½ÚÖ÷³Ǫ̈λ£¬Ã¿¸ö
»·½ÚÐÂÈ˲ÊÅÅ£¬ÒÔ¼°Ö÷³ÖÈË×ÔÎÒ°ü×°µÈµÈ¡££©ÓëÉÌÎñÀàÖ÷³Ö£¨Íí»á Äê»á ·¢²¼»á ÕÐ
ÉÌ»á Öն˻á ͬѧ»á ·ÑÝ ³µÕ¹µÈ£¨Ã¿¸ö»·½Ų́´Ê±à¼·½ ÿ¸ö»·½ÚÖ÷³ÖÈĘ̈´Ê£¬
ÉÌÎñÖ÷³ÖÀñÒǵȣ©¡¢Âó¿Ë·ç²âÊÔʹÓá¢ÈçºÎÓë»éÇ칫˾½¨Á¢ºÏ×÷¹Øϵ¡¢ÈçºÎÓëÐÂ
È˼°¿Í»§¹µÍ¨µÈ
ÍƼö¾ÍÒµ£ºÑ§ÉúËùÔڵĸ÷¸ö³ÇÊÐÍøÂçÇþµÀÑݳöÍƹãÒÔ¼°Óë»éÇ칫˾¡¢Ñݳö¹«Ë¾µÈ
ºÏ×÷¡£
ºÌÖÇÅàѵµØÖ·£ºº¼ÖÝÊÐĪ¸Éɽ·1418-60ºÅ ÐÂÒµ´óÏà 1´± 219ÊÒ



